この研究は、著者らの研究グループが本誌同号に公表した、GSM 900 MHz及び1800 MHz電磁界ばく露のキイロショウジョウバエに対する生物活性が上昇する「窓」について、それが放射電磁界強度に依存するか否かを検証した。ばく露群は、「窓」が確認された携帯電話アンテナからの距離30センチまたは20センチでGSM 900MHzまたは1800MHzの電磁界にそれぞればく露させた。参照群は、マイクロ波放射と超低周波（ELF）電磁界の両方を遮蔽する金属グリッドの背後のアンテナ距離8センチまたは5センチでばく露させた（遮蔽グリッドがあるため、ばく露群と参照群の電磁界強度はほぼ同一になるようにした）。その結果、両群の生殖能力の低下には有意差がなかったため、生物活性が上昇する「窓」は放射電磁界強度によるものと考えられると結論している。
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To study whether the recorded window effect (decreased reproductive capacity of insects) of a previous study (see Panagopoulos 2010) was due to the fact that the wavelengths of 900 MHz and at 1800 MHz were as long as the distances from the antenna (33 cm and 17 cm, respectively) where the window effect appeared (30 cm for 900 MHz and 20 cm for 1800 MHz) or due to the power density of 10 µW/cm².
One group of insects was exposed to 900 MHz or 1800 MHz at 30 or 20 cm distances, respectively, from the antenna of a mobile phone. Another group was exposed at 8 or 5 cm, respectively, behind a metal grid, shielding both microwave irradiation and the extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields for both types of irradiation in a way that field intensities were roughly equal between the two groups.
Five identical experiments were performed. Each group consisted of ten female and ten male newly emerged flies kept in separate vials for the first 48 h. After the 48 h, when both males and females of each group were sexually mature, they were put together (10 pairs) in another glass vial and they were allowed to mate and lay eggs for the next 72 h.
| ばく露 | パラメータ |
|---|---|
|
ばく露1:
900 MHz
ばく露時間:
continuous for 6 min/day on 5 days
|
|
|
ばく露2:
1,800 MHz
ばく露時間:
continuous for 6 min/day on 5 days
|
|
|
ばく露3:
900 MHz
ばく露時間:
continuous for 6 min/day on 5 days
|
|
|
ばく露4:
1,800 MHz
ばく露時間:
continuous for 6 min/day on 5 days
|
| 周波数 | 900 MHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| ばく露時間 | continuous for 6 min/day on 5 days |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| ばく露装置の詳細 | a dual band GSM mobile phone in speaking mode was used at a distance of 30 cm |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| 周波数 | 1,800 MHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| ばく露時間 | continuous for 6 min/day on 5 days |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| ばく露装置の詳細 | a dual band GSM mobile phone in speaking mode was used at a distance of 20 cm |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| 周波数 | 900 MHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| ばく露時間 | continuous for 6 min/day on 5 days |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| ばく露装置の詳細 | a dual band GSM mobile phone in speaking mode was used at a distance of 8 cm behind a ferromagnetic shielding grid |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| 周波数 | 1,800 MHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| ばく露時間 | continuous for 6 min/day on 5 days |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| ばく露装置の詳細 | a dual band GSM mobile phone in speaking mode was used at a distance of 5 cm behind a ferromagnetic shielding grid |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
The decrease in the reproductive capacity did not differ significantly between the two exposure groups and the reproductive capacity of each exposed group was significantly decreased compared to the sham exposed group. Thus, this window effect is only indirectly related to the distance from the antenna; it does not seem to be related to the wavelength (or the frequency) of the irradiation. This "window" was directly dependent on the intensity of the field, no matter on which distance from the antenna this intensity exists.
The authors conclude that the bioactivity window effect seemed to be due to the intensity of the incident field (10 µW/cm², 0.6-0.7 V/m) at 30 or 20 cm from the GSM 900 or 1800 mobile phone antenna, respectively.
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